Intergovernmental Working Group on the WHO Pandemic Agreement (IGWG)
Statement by the South Centre to the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on the WHO Pandemic Agreement, Ninth Session (IGWG9)
10 November 2026
How can governments reach an agreement in the WHO on a system for access and benefit sharing from pathogen material and digital sequence information that is equitable and effective?
In our statement to IGWG9, we offer suggestions on the design of PABS. Parties should share pathogen materials and sequence information primarily through the PABS system, creating legal certainty on the terms for access and for benefit sharing. Common rules should apply, with rapid access and benefit sharing on an equal footing, as Article 12 requires.
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Statement by the South Centre to the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on the WHO Pandemic Agreement, Eight Session (IGWG8)
Geneva, 14 September 2026
Our statement to WHO IGWG8 calls for a Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) system that makes equity enforceable.
The statement urges negotiators to secure:
- Standard, legally binding contracts with WHO that link access to benefit-sharing commitments.
- Real-time set-asides and donations of vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics, alongside non-exclusive licensing and transfers of technology and know-how.
- Monetary contributions from entities that commercialize products or services developed using PABS materials or sequence information.
- Legal certainty, traceability and accountability.
The South Centre cautions that a “hybrid” architecture offering access through two routes, with benefit-sharing obligations attached to only one, would make benefit sharing a choice for some users, and hence is not a viable proposition.
We also think a federated workbench model discussed in informal negotiations merits further consideration.
For the WHO Pandemic Agreement to deliver on equity, access and benefit sharing must stand on an equal footing.
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Global South Countries Reaffirm Common Purpose to Advance Equity in the Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing System and the Pandemic Agreement
By Dr. Viviana Muñoz Téllez
The South Centre convened a high-level meeting on 12 June 2026, from 9:30 to 11:00 AM, at the Intercontinental Hotel, Geneva. It brought together ambassadors and other senior representatives and experts of developing-country delegations engaged in the negotiations on the Annex to Article 12 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement (the Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing System (PABS) Annex), ahead of the seventh meeting of the open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group (IGWG7), scheduled on 6 to 17 July 2026 in Geneva.
The meeting provided an opportunity for participating delegations to take stock of the IGWG process to date, to exchange assessments of the current state of the PABS Annex text, and to articulate their priorities and negotiating strategy for the next phase, with a view to strengthening coordination and unity among developing countries including the Group for Equity (GoE) and the African Group (AG) in pursuit of an equitable and legally binding outcome.
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Statement by the South Centre on the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on the WHO Pandemic Agreement
Geneva, 18 May 2026
The South Centre welcomes the one-year extension to finalise the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) Annex.
Developing countries showed remarkable unity and put forward concrete proposals. Had these been the basis of work, negotiations could have concluded sooner. Now all Parties must rise to the moment and deliver an Annex that meaningfully advances equity in pandemic prevention, preparedness and response.
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Towards an Operative Pathogen ABS System: Implementing the Equal Footing Requirement of Article 12 of the WHO Pandemic Agreement
By Viviana Munoz Tellez, Nirmalya Syam
Multilateral negotiations on the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) system remain deadlocked. As required by Article 12 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement, the annex operationalizing the PABS system must place on equal footing the rapid and timely sharing of PABS Materials and Sequence Information with the rapid, timely, fair and equitable sharing of benefits that arise from their sharing and utilization. The Annex cannot impose binding sharing obligations on State Parties while making it optional for users of PABS Materials to opt in to the PABS system voluntarily, without legally binding obligations on benefit sharing arising from the utilization of PABS Materials and Sequence Information. The Annex also cannot create a hybrid system providing alternative routes for access, either “open” or “restricted”. This would be inconsistent with Article 12 of the Pandemic Agreement and with the obligations of parties under the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization. The Annex must include a standardized contractual framework binding all actors in the PABS chain, a minimum manufacturer participation threshold before country obligations become active, and ensure benefit-sharing is not confined to pandemic emergencies.
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