Tax Cooperation Policy Brief 12, September 2020
Base Erosion and Profit Shifting in the Extractive Industries
By Danish and Daniel Uribe
Developing countries with significant natural resources have not fully utilised them for financing their development aspirations. Extractive industries and the revenue generated from their extractive activities need to constitute a larger share of domestic resource mobilisation. However, the sector remains beset with massive tax base erosion and profit shifting by large multinational companies. This policy brief therefore looks at the extractive industries, and the potential impact of their practices on the national policies and regulations in developing countries. It further also considers some current initiatives at the international level for enabling countries to obtain more revenue from natural resource extraction, and offers some observations on the policy options available to developing countries.
Les pays en développement disposant d’importantes ressources naturelles ne les ont pas pleinement utilisées pour financer leurs aspirations en matière de développement. Les industries extractives et les revenus générés par leurs activités d’extraction doivent constituer une part plus importante de la mobilisation des ressources nationales. Toutefois, le secteur reste en proie à une érosion massive de la base d’imposition et à un transfert de bénéfices par les grandes entreprises multinationales. La présente note de synthèse examine ainsi les industries extractives et l’impact potentiel de leurs pratiques sur les politiques et réglementations nationales des pays en développement. Elle examine également certaines initiatives actuelles au niveau international visant à permettre aux pays d’obtenir davantage de revenus de l’extraction des ressources naturelles, et présente quelques observations sur les options politiques qui s’offrent aux pays en développement.
Los países en desarrollo con importantes recursos naturales no los han utilizado plenamente para financiar sus aspiraciones de desarrollo. Las industrias extractivas y los ingresos generados por sus actividades de extracción deben constituir un elemento más importante para la movilización de recursos internos. Sin embargo, el sector sigue siendo afectado por la erosión masiva de la base impositiva y la transferencia de los beneficios por parte de las grandes empresas multinacionales. Por lo tanto, en este informe de políticas se examina el sector de las industrias extractivas y el posible impacto de sus prácticas en las políticas y regulación nacionales de los países en desarrollo. También se examinan algunas iniciativas actuales a nivel internacional para que los países puedan obtener más ingresos de la extracción de recursos naturales, y se ofrecen algunas observaciones sobre las opciones de política de que disponen los países en desarrollo.
This brief is part of the South Centre’s policy brief series focusing on tax policies and the experiences in international tax cooperation of developing countries.
Efforts to reform international cooperation in tax matters are exhibiting a distinct acceleration. The direction of change must recognize and incorporate innovations in developing country policies and approaches, otherwise the outcomes will obstruct practical paths to development.
The policy brief series is intended as a tool to assist in further dialogue on needed reforms.
*** The views contained in the policy briefs are personal to the authors and do not represent the institutional views of the South Centre or its Member States.
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Base Erosion and Profit Shifting in the Extractive Industries
This article was tagged: Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA), Arm's Length Principle, Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project (BEPS), Commodities, Contractual Arrangements, Double Tax Avoidance Agreement (DTAA), Exchange of Information (EOI), Extractive Industries, Group of 20 (G-20), IGF, Investment Treaties, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Platform for Collaboration on Tax (PCT), South Centre Tax Initiative (SCTI), South-South Cooperation, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Tax Competition, Tax Cooperation, Tax Cooperation Policy Briefs, Tax Law, Tax Policy, Tax Reform, Transfer Pricing, UN Tax Subcommittee on Extractive Industries Taxation Issues for Developing Countries, United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters (UNTC), Withholding Taxes